13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Usual Geriatric Dose for Erectile Dysfunction
Common Side Effects of Sildenafil
Why is a prescription required for erectile dysfunction medicines?
7.2 Alpha-blockers
1. How it works

Usual Geriatric Dose for Erectile Dysfunction

In these studies, involving about 1600 patients, analyses of patient diaries showed no effect of sildenafil on rates of attempted intercourse (about 2 per week), but there was clear treatment-related improvement in sexual function: per patient weekly success rates averaged 1.3 on 50–100 mg of sildenafil vs 0.4 on placebo; similarly, group mean success rates (total successes divided by total attempts) were about 66% on sildenafil vs about 20% on placebo.During 3 to 6 months of double-blind treatment or longer-term (1 year), open-label studies, few patients withdrew from active treatment for any reason, including lack of effectiveness. At the end of the long-term study, 88% of patients reported that sildenafil improved their erections.Men with untreated ED had relatively low baseline scores for all aspects of sexual function measured (again using a 5-point scale) in the IIEF. Sildenafil improved these aspects of sexual function: frequency, firmness and maintenance of erections; frequency of orgasm; frequency and level of desire; frequency, satisfaction and enjoyment of intercourse; and overall relationship satisfaction.One randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled study included only patients with erectile dysfunction attributed to complications of diabetes mellitus (n=268). As in the other titration studies, patients were started on 50 mg and allowed to adjust the dose up to 100 mg or down to 25 mg of sildenafil; all patients, however, were receiving 50 mg or 100 mg at the end of the study. There were highly statistically significant improvements on the two principal IIEF questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) on sildenafil compared to placebo.

What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking sildenafil?

On a global improvement question, 57% of sildenafil patients reported improved erections versus 10% on placebo. Diary data indicated that on sildenafil, 48% of intercourse attempts were successful versus 12% on placebo.One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, flexible-dose (up to 100 mg) study of patients with erectile dysfunction resulting from spinal cord injury (n=178) was conducted. The changes from baseline in scoring on the two end point questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) were highly statistically significantly in favor of sildenafil. On a global improvement question, 83% of patients reported improved erections on sildenafil versus 12% on placebo. Diary data indicated that on sildenafil, 59% of attempts at sexual intercourse were successful compared to 13% on placebo.Across all trials, sildenafil improved the erections of 43% of radical prostatectomy patients compared to 15% on placebo.Subgroup analyses of responses to a global improvement question in patients with psychogenic etiology in two fixed-dose studies (total n=179) and two titration studies (total n=149) showed 84% of sildenafil patients reported improvement in erections compared with 26% of placebo.

The Low Dose: 25mg

The changes from baseline in scoring on the two end point questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) were highly statistically significantly in favor of sildenafil .Diary data in two of the studies (n=178) showed rates of successful intercourse per attempt of 70% for sildenafil and 29% for placebo.Efficacy Results in Subpopulations in Controlled Clinical StudiesA review of population subgroups demonstrated efficacy regardless of baseline severity, etiology, race and age. sildenafil was effective in a broad range of ED patients, including those with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, other cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depression, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), radical prostatectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and spinal cord injury, and in patients taking antidepressants/antipsychotics and anti-hypertensives/diuretics. In clinical studies, sildenafil tablets was assessed for its effect on the ability of chew sildenafil men with erectile dysfunction (ED) to engage in sexual activity and in many cases specifically on the ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. The studies that established benefit demonstrated improvements in success rates for sexual intercourse compared with placebo. The effectiveness of sildenafil tablets was evaluated in most studies using several assessment instruments. Sexual function data were also recorded by patients in a daily diary.

Product	Dosage	Quantity + Bonus	Price
Viagra Generic	150mg	90 + 6 Pills	147.18€ 140.17€
Viagra Generic	25mg	20 Pills	37.74€ 35.94€
Viagra Generic	150mg	30 + 2 Pills	72.32€ 68.88€
Viagra Generic	50mg	10 Pills	26.87€ 25.59€
Kamagra Soft Tabs	100mg	84 + 4 Pills	233.05€ 221.95€
Kamagra Soft Tabs	100mg	12 Pills	57.55€ 54.81€
Viagra Generic	100mg	30 + 4 Pills	60.91€ 58.01€
Kamagra Oral Jelly	100mg	10 Sachets	54.55€ 51.95€
Viagra Generic	150mg	270 + 10 Pills	326.61€ 311.06€
Kamagra Soft Tabs	100mg	60 + 4 Pills	180.59€ 171.99€
Viagra Generic	150mg	10 Pills	36.73€ 34.98€
Viagra Generic	25mg	270 + 8 Pills	184.26€ 175.49€
Viagra Generic	100mg	180 + 8 Pills	199.37€ 189.88€
Viagra Generic	150mg	180 + 10 Pills	236.46€ 225.20€
Viagra Generic	100mg	20 Pills	45.58€ 43.41€
Kamagra Polo	100mg	20 Pills	83.56€ 79.58€

In addition, patients were asked a global efficacy question and an optional partner questionnaire was administered.Efficacy Results from Controlled Clinical StudiesThe effect on one of the major end points, maintenance of erections after penetration, is shown in Figure 6, for the pooled results of 5 fixed-dose, dose-response studies of greater than one month duration, showing response according to baseline function. Results with all doses have been pooled, but scores showed greater improvement at the 50 and 100 mg doses than at 25 mg.

Sildenafil 25mg is sometimes used off-label for other conditions.
Login into your doctor’s advice before adjusting your dose.
Take tablets with water; avoid crushing or chewing them.
The effects of sildenafil last from 4 to 6 hours.
It is not an aphrodisiac and requires sexual arousal for effectiveness.
Regular health check-ups are recommended during use.

Sildenafil 25mg may be less potent than higher doses but still effective.
Confirm your dosage with your healthcare provider regularly.
Do not use sildenafil if you are allergic to it.
Check for contraindications such as severe liver or kidney disease.
Alcohol may diminish the medication’s effectiveness.
Follow prescribed timing for best results and safety.

Figure 6 shows that regardless of the baseline levels of function subsequent function in patients treated with sildenafil tablets was better than that seen in patients treated with placebo. At the same time, on-treatment function was better in treated patients who were less impaired at baseline.The frequency of patients reporting improvement of erections in response to a global question in four of the randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled fixed dose studies (1797 patients) of 12 to 24 weeks duration is shown in Figure 7. These patients had erectile dysfunction at baseline that was characterized by median categorical scores of 2 (a few times) on principal IIEF questions. Erectile dysfunction was attributed to organic (58%; generally not characterized, but including diabetes and excluding spinal cord injury), psychogenic (17%), or mixed (24%) etiologies. Sixty-three percent, 74%, and 82% of the patients on 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg of sildenafil tablets, respectively, reported an improvement in their erections, compared to 24% on placebo. In the titration studies (n=644) (with most patients eventually receiving 100 mg), results were similar.Figure 7. Percentage of Patients Reporting an Improvement in Erections.The patients in studies had varying degrees of ED. One-third to one-half of the subjects in these studies reported successful intercourse at least once during a 4-week, treatment-free run-in period.In many of the studies, of both fixed dose and titration designs, daily diaries were kept by patients.

Common Side Effects of Sildenafil

The possible categorical responses to these questions were (0) no attempted intercourse, (1) never or almost never, (2) a few times, (3) sometimes, (4) most times, and (5) almost always or always. Also collected as part of the IIEF was information about other aspects of sexual function, including information on erectile function, orgasm, desire, satisfaction with intercourse, and overall sexual satisfaction. Sexual function data were also recorded by patients in a daily diary. In addition, patients were asked a global efficacy question and an optional partner questionnaire was administered.Efficacy Results from Controlled Clinical StudiesThe effect on one of the major end points, maintenance of erections after penetration, is shown in Figure 6, for the pooled results of 5 fixed-dose, dose-response studies of greater than one month duration, showing response according to baseline function. Results with all doses have been pooled, but scores showed greater improvement at the 50 and 100 mg doses than at 25 mg.

Revatio Tablets

The pattern of responses was similar for the other principal question, the ability to achieve an erection sufficient for intercourse. The titration studies, in which most patients received 100 mg, showed similar results. Figure 6 shows that regardless of the baseline levels of function subsequent function in patients treated with sildenafil tablets was better than that seen in patients treated with placebo. At the same time, on-treatment function was better in treated patients who were less impaired at baseline.The frequency of patients reporting improvement of erections in response to a global question in four of the randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled fixed dose studies (1797 patients) of 12 to 24 weeks duration is shown in Figure 7. These patients had erectile dysfunction at baseline that was characterized by median categorical scores of 2 (a few times) on principal IIEF questions.

Warnings for other groups

Erectile dysfunction was attributed to organic (58%; generally not characterized, but including diabetes and excluding spinal cord injury), psychogenic (17%), or mixed (24%) etiologies. Sixty-three percent, 74%, and 82% of the patients on 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg of sildenafil tablets, respectively, reported an improvement in their erections, compared to 24% on placebo. In the titration studies (n=644) (with most patients eventually receiving 100 mg), results were similar.Figure 7. Percentage of Patients Reporting an Improvement in Erections.The patients in studies had varying degrees of ED. One-third to one-half of the subjects in these studies reported successful intercourse at least once during a 4-week, treatment-free run-in period.In many of the studies, of both fixed dose and titration designs, daily diaries were kept by patients. In these studies, involving about 1600 patients, analyses of patient diaries showed no effect of sildenafil on rates of attempted intercourse (about 2 per week), but there was clear treatment-related improvement in sexual function: per patient weekly success rates averaged 1.3 on 50–100 mg of sildenafil vs 0.4 on placebo; similarly, group mean success rates (total successes divided by total attempts) were about 66% on sildenafil vs about 20% on placebo.During 3 to 6 months of double-blind treatment or longer-term (1 year), open-label studies, few patients withdrew from active treatment for any reason, including lack of effectiveness. At the end of the long-term study, 88% of patients reported that sildenafil improved their erections.Men with untreated ED had relatively low baseline scores for all aspects of sexual function measured (again using a 5-point scale) in the IIEF.

Parameter	Value	Notes
Absorption	Rapid, within 30-60 minutes	Peak plasma levels occur at this time
Bioavailability	Approximately 40%	Due to first-pass metabolism
Half-life	4-5 hours	Duration of effect
Metabolism	Liver via CYP3A4 enzyme	Variability based on liver function
Excretion	Mainly in feces, some in urine	Clearance mostly hepatic

Sildenafil improved these aspects of sexual function: frequency, firmness and maintenance of erections; frequency of orgasm; frequency and level of desire; frequency, satisfaction and enjoyment of intercourse; and overall relationship satisfaction.One randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled study included only patients with erectile dysfunction attributed to complications of diabetes mellitus (n=268). As in the other titration studies, patients were started on 50 mg and allowed to adjust the dose up to 100 mg or down to 25 mg of sildenafil; all patients, however, were receiving 50 mg or 100 mg at the end of the study. There were highly statistically significant improvements on the two principal IIEF questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) on sildenafil compared to placebo. On a global improvement question, 57% of sildenafil patients reported improved erections versus 10% on placebo. Diary data indicated that on sildenafil, 48% of intercourse attempts were successful versus 12% on placebo.One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, flexible-dose (up to 100 mg) study of patients with erectile dysfunction resulting from spinal cord injury (n=178) was conducted. The changes from baseline in scoring on the two end point questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) were highly statistically significantly in favor of sildenafil. On a global improvement question, 83% of patients reported improved erections on sildenafil versus 12% on placebo.

Why is a prescription required for erectile dysfunction medicines?

Diary data indicated that on sildenafil, 59% of attempts at sexual intercourse were successful compared to 13% on placebo.Across all trials, sildenafil improved the erections of 43% of radical prostatectomy patients compared to 15% on placebo.Subgroup analyses of responses to a global improvement question in patients with psychogenic etiology in two fixed-dose studies (total n=179) and two titration studies (total n=149) showed 84% of sildenafil patients reported improvement in erections compared with 26% of placebo. The changes from baseline in scoring on the two end point questions (frequency of successful penetration during sexual activity and maintenance of erections after penetration) were highly statistically significantly in favor of sildenafil .Diary data in two of the studies (n=178) showed rates of successful intercourse per attempt of 70% for sildenafil and 29% for placebo.Efficacy Results in Subpopulations in Controlled Clinical StudiesA review of population subgroups demonstrated efficacy regardless of baseline severity, etiology, race and age. sildenafil was effective in a broad range of ED patients, including those with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, other cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depression, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), radical prostatectomy, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and spinal cord injury, and in patients taking antidepressants/antipsychotics and anti-hypertensives/diuretics. In clinical studies, sildenafil tablets was assessed for its effect on the ability of chew sildenafil men with erectile dysfunction (ED) to engage in sexual activity and in many cases specifically on the ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity. The studies that established benefit demonstrated improvements in success rates for sexual intercourse compared with placebo. The effectiveness of sildenafil tablets was evaluated in most studies using several assessment instruments. In addition, patients were asked a global efficacy question and an optional partner questionnaire was administered. The effect on one of the major end points, maintenance of erections after penetration, is shown in Figure 6, for the pooled results of 5 fixed-dose, dose-response studies of greater than one month duration, showing response according to baseline function. At the same time, on-treatment function was better in treated patients who were less impaired at baseline. The frequency of patients reporting improvement of erections in response to a global question in four of the randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled fixed dose studies (1797 patients) of 12 to 24 weeks duration is shown in Figure 7.

Condition	Risk	Recommended Action
Nitrate use (e.g., NTG)	Severe hypotension	Do not take
Severe cardiac issues	Increased risk	Consult physician
Known hypersensitivity	Allergic reactions	Avoid medication
Recent stroke or heart attack	Caution required	Consult doctor

In the titration studies (n=644) (with most patients eventually receiving 100 mg), results were similar.

Sildenafil 25mg tablets are available by prescription only.
They are a common initial dose for men new to the medication.
Dose adjustments depend on effectiveness and side effects.
Always inform your doctor about other medications you are taking.
Overdose symptoms include prolonged erections and chest pain.
Keep medication out of reach of children and pets.

Percentage of Patients Reporting an Improvement in Erections.

7.2 Alpha-blockers

In addition, patients were asked a global efficacy question and an optional partner questionnaire was administered. The effect on one of the major end points, maintenance of erections after penetration, is shown in Figure 6, for the pooled results of 5 fixed-dose, dose-response studies of greater than one month duration, showing response according to baseline function. At the same time, on-treatment function was better in treated patients who were less impaired at baseline. The frequency of patients reporting improvement of erections in response to a global question in four of the randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled fixed dose studies (1797 patients) of 12 to 24 weeks duration is shown in Figure 7. In the titration studies (n=644) (with most patients eventually receiving 100 mg), results were similar.

Related treatment guides

Percentage of Patients Reporting an Improvement in Erections. The patients in studies had varying degrees of ED. One-third to one-half of the subjects in these studies reported successful intercourse at least once during a 4-week, treatment-free run-in period. In many of the studies, of both fixed dose and titration designs, daily diaries were kept by patients. In these studies, involving about 1600 patients, analyses of patient diaries showed no effect of sildenafil on rates of attempted intercourse (about 2 per week), but there was clear treatment-related improvement in sexual function: per patient weekly success rates averaged 1.3 on 50–100 mg of sildenafil vs 0.4 on placebo; similarly, group mean success rates (total successes divided by total attempts) were about 66% on sildenafil vs about 20% on placebo.

What are the serious side effects of sildenafil?

During 3 to 6 months of double-blind treatment or longer-term (1 year), open-label studies, few patients withdrew from active treatment for any reason, including lack of effectiveness. At the end of the long-term study, 88% of patients reported that sildenafil improved their erections. Men with untreated ED had relatively low baseline scores for all aspects of sexual function measured (again using a 5-point scale) in the IIEF. Sildenafil improved these aspects of sexual function: frequency, firmness and maintenance of erections; frequency of orgasm; frequency and level of desire; frequency, satisfaction and enjoyment of intercourse; and overall relationship satisfaction. One randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled study included only patients with erectile dysfunction attributed to complications of diabetes mellitus (n=268). The patients in studies had varying degrees of ED. One-third to one-half of the subjects in these studies reported successful intercourse at least once during a 4-week, treatment-free run-in period.

1. How it works

Diary data indicated that on sildenafil, 48% of intercourse attempts were successful versus 12% on placebo. One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, flexible-dose (up to 100 mg) study of patients with erectile dysfunction resulting from spinal cord injury (n=178) was conducted. In many of the studies, of both fixed dose and titration designs, daily diaries were kept by patients. In these studies, involving about 1600 patients, analyses of patient diaries showed no effect of sildenafil on rates of attempted intercourse (about 2 per week), but there was clear treatment-related improvement in sexual function: per patient weekly success rates averaged 1.3 on 50–100 mg of sildenafil vs 0.4 on placebo; similarly, group mean success rates (total successes divided by total attempts) were about 66% on sildenafil vs about 20% on placebo. During 3 to 6 months of double-blind treatment or longer-term (1 year), open-label studies, few patients withdrew from active treatment for any reason, including lack of effectiveness. At the end of the long-term study, 88% of patients reported that sildenafil improved their erections. Men with untreated ED had relatively low baseline scores for all aspects of sexual function measured (again using a 5-point scale) in the IIEF. Sildenafil improved these aspects of sexual function: frequency, firmness and maintenance of erections; frequency of orgasm; frequency and level of desire; frequency, satisfaction and enjoyment of intercourse; and overall relationship satisfaction. One randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, placebo-controlled study included only patients with erectile dysfunction attributed to complications of diabetes mellitus (n=268). Diary data indicated that on sildenafil, 48% of intercourse attempts were successful versus 12% on placebo. One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, flexible-dose (up to 100 mg) study of patients with erectile dysfunction resulting from spinal cord injury (n=178) was conducted.